Generalized Paxos Made Byzantine (and Less Complex)

One of the most recent members of the Paxos family of protocols is Generalized Paxos. This variant of Paxos has the characteristic that it departs from the original specification of consensus, allowing for a weaker safety condition where different processes can have a different views on a sequence being agreed upon. However, much like the original Paxos counterpart, Generalized Paxos does not have a simple implementation. Furthermore, with the recent practical adoption of Byzantine fault tolerant protocols, it is timely and important to understand how Generalized Paxos can be implemented in the Byzantine model. In this paper, we make two main contributions. First, we provide a description of Generalized Paxos that is easier to understand, based on a simpler specification and the pseudocode for a solution that can be readily implemented. Second, we extend the protocol to the Byzantine fault model

Proposição do sipa - sistema de interação patrimonial auxiliar

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Tecnológico. Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental.Este trabalho aborda a proposta de criação de um sistema auxiliar para gestão dos bens móveis permanentes pertencentes ao patrimônio da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). O Sistema de Interação Patrimonial Auxiliar – SIPA foi proposto como um ente independente, mas ligado ao sistema principal de gestão de patrimônio universitário - SIP, sendo capaz de enviar e receber dados de acordo com as permissões do usuário. O sistema auxiliar visa diminuir a geração de resíduos através da descentralização de processos cotidianos de gestão patrimonial permitindo que bens atualmente sem uso sejam destinados rapidamente a locais que os necessitem. Suas funções básicas são: permitir o cadastro dos bens móveis permanentes; disponibilizá-los em uma plataforma online de acesso comum a comunidade acadêmica; iniciar os processos de movimentação destes bens e/ou sua manutenção caso necessário. Os agentes patrimoniais, servidores que realizam os procedimentos de gestão de forma descentralizada em conjunto com o Departamento de Gestão Patrimonial (DGP), são os responsáveis por controlar a entrada e saída de informações do SIPA, bem como zelar pela segurança e eficiência do sistema. Uma vez implementado e tendo uma boa aceitação pelos servidores da UFSC, o SIPA terá um grande potencial de crescimento, visto que mais funções poderão ser acrescentadas e as existentes poderão ser evoluídas a fim de acompanhar as mudanças legislativas e dos processos de gestão de patrimônio da UFSC

The Milnor number of a hypersurface singularity in arbitrary characteristic

The Milnor number of an isolated hypersurface singularity, defined as the codimension $\mu(f)$ of the ideal generated by the partial derivatives of a power series $f$ whose zeros represent locally the hypersurface, is an important topological invariant of the singularity over the complex numbers, but its meaning changes dramatically when the base field is arbitrary. It turns out that if the ground field is of positive characteristic, this number is not even invariant under contact equivalence of the local equation $f$. In this paper we study the variation of the Milnor number in the contact class of $f$, giving necessary and sufficient conditions for its invariance. We also relate, for an isolated singularity, the finiteness of $\mu(f)$ to the smoothness of the generic fiber $f=s$. Finally, we prove that the Milnor number coincides with the conductor of a plane branch when the characteristic does not divide any of the minimal generators of its semigroup of values, showing in particular that this is a sufficient (but not necessary) condition for the invariance of the Milnor number in the whole equisingularity class of $f$.Comment: 20 page

9/11 and the International Media: A Cross-Cultural Analysis

The purpose of this study was to find how socio-political and cultural aspects influenced international media representation of the September 11 terrorist attacks to the United States. The study compared the results of textual analysis of newspaper editorials from five different countries. Using Worthington (2001) protocol of political activism framing by print media, it was found that the September 11 terrorist attacks were represented distinctively by each of the five newspapers investigated. The underpinning of the theoretical framework for this study is Stuart Hall\u27s encoding and decoding communication model. Stuart Hall (1979, 1980a, 1980c, 1993) postulates that in the communication process, the moments of encoding and decoding of a message are influenced by ideology. Ideology, as defined by Luis Althusser (1971), is a representation of the imaginary relationships of individuals and reality, therefore encapsulating cultural and socio-political aspects. The results of the qualitative textual analysis undertaken showed that issues such as identity, contextual information, visual aspects and sourcing were utilized distinctively by the editorials of the five newspapers to frame the discussions regarding the September 11 terrorist attacks. The September 11 terrorist attacks to New York and Washington D.C. were a timely event where one has to discuss history before and after it. The historical importance of the attacks is a reflex of its international reach, which was only attainable due to the international media coverage. The media-centric nature of the September 11 events calls for a detailed examination of the relationship between media, terrorism, culture and politics in contemporary society. This study found that politics and culture are prominent influences in the way international media encoded the events of September 11

The Milnor Number of Plane Branches With Tame Semigroup of Values

The Milnor number of an isolated hypersurface singularity, defined as the codimension $\mu(f)$ of the ideal generated by the partial derivatives of a power series $f$ that represents locally the hypersurface, is an important topological invariant of the singularity over the complex numbers. However it may loose its significance when the base field is arbitrary. It turns out that if the ground field is of positive characteristic, this number depends upon the equation $f$ representing the hypersurface, hence it is not an invariant of the hypersurface. For a plane branch represented by an irreducible convergent power series $f$ in two indeterminates over the complex numbers, it was shown by Milnor that $\mu(f)$ always coincides with the conductor $c(f)$ of the semigroup of values $S(f)$ of the branch. This is not true anymore if the characteristic of the ground field is positive. In this paper we show that, over algebraically closed fields of arbitrary characteristic, this is true, provided that the semigroup $S(f)$ is tame, that is, the characteristic of the field does not divide any of its minimal generators.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1507.0317

Chemical and physical pretreatments of microalgal biomass

Non-axenic microalga Chlorella sorokiniana was cultivated in batch cultures, and its total sugar composition was determined. The microalga under study showed a total sugar concentration of 21.44 ± 0.46% (w/w). The effects of freeze-drying, oven-drying, freezing and thawing, chemical and the combination of hydrothermal and chemical pretreatments were evaluated. In the combined pretreatment different concentrations of H2SO4 and reaction times were also optimized. It was possible to determine that the sugar extraction yields more significant were 59.5% for the lyophilization, 6.2% with 6 cycles of freeze and thawing and around 100% for 2 and 4% (v/v) of H2SO4 at 121 °C for 30 min. Some of the methods that were described in this study are interesting to facilitate cost-efficient conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Small animal clinic and surgery

As part of the last step in concluding the Master’s degree in veterinary medicine, the current report was carried out. It is divided in three parts. The first part includes statistics regarding pathologies or symptoms of animals brought to Priory Veterinary Surgeons during the traineeship, with brief detailing of a disease or procedure relevant to each clinical and surgical area of small animal medicine. The second part is a review of available literature regarding canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma addressing its aetiology, diagnosis, immunophenotypes, presentations, therapeutics and prognosis. The third and last part is a description of a canine lymphoma case in a 9-year-old border collie with data regarding the diagnosis, management and the treatment protocol; Resumo: Clínica e Cirurgia de Pequenos Animais - O seguinte relatório foi elaborado como parte da última etapa para completar o mestrado em medicina veterinária. Está dividido em três partes. A primeira parte inclui a estatística das patologias ou sintomas dos animais que foram levados à Priory Veterinary Surgeons durante o período de estágio curricular, com um abreve revisão de uma doença ou procedimento relevante a cada área da clínica e cirurgia de medicina de animais de companhia. A segunda parte é uma revisão da literatura disponível sobre linfoma não-Hodgkin canino abordando a sua etiologia, diagnóstico, imunofenótipo, manifestação clínica, tratamento e prognóstico. A terceira e última parte é uma descrição de um caso de linfoma não Hodgkin canino de um border collie de 9 anos com dados sobre o diagnóstico, acompanhamento e tratamento